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Los Trastornos del Espectro Autista han sido definidos como un grupo de condiciones del desarrollo que afectan a la capacidad de interactuar con el entorno físico y social, entre otros. Una característica central en el autismo es la presencia de comportamientos restringidos y repetitivos que varían en complejidad, forma y frecuencia a lo largo de la historia de la vida. Estos rasgos centrales se han definido tradicionalmente como deficiencias que interfieren en la competencia comunicativa. Sin embargo, desde un enfoque encarnado, estas acciones podrían verse como formas características de interactuar con el mundo. En este sentido, adoptamos un enfoque enactivo y encarnado de la cognición en el que concebimos a los agentes cognitivos como sistemas sensoriomotores cuya percepción-acción se produce en términos de affordances. Este marco proporciona una visión integradora del autismo considerando la afectividad, la percepción, la acción, la exploración y la interacción dentro de una dimensión compleja y dinámica. A continuación, proponemos diferentes aplicaciones basadas en epistemologías corporizadas, interculturales y feministas, para comprender y participar con poblaciones autistas y cognitivamente diversas. El cambio de paradigmas teóricos y metodológicos dentro de la ciencia cognitiva corporizada hacia el autismo y otras diversidades cognitivas y cómo se relacionan con el mundo puede conducir a enfoques más comprensivos, integradores y bioéticos.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Itzel Cadena Alvear, Melina Gastelum Vargas