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Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo foram definidos como um grupo de condições de desenvolvimento que afetam a capacidade de interagir com o ambiente físico e social, entre outros. Uma característica central no autismo é a presença de comportamentos restritos e repetitivos que variam em complexidade, forma e freqüência ao longo da história da vida. Estas características essenciais têm sido tradicionalmente definidas como deficiências que interferem com a competência comunicativa. Entretanto, a partir de uma abordagem encarnada, estas ações poderiam ser vistas como formas características de interagir com o mundo. Neste sentido, adotamos uma abordagem enativa e encarnada da cognição, na qual concebemos os agentes cognitivos como sistemas sensorimotores cuja percepção-ação ocorre em termos de possibilidades. Esta estrutura fornece uma visão integradora do autismo considerando a afetividade, percepção, ação, exploração e interação dentro de uma dimensão complexa e dinâmica. Em seguida, propomos diferentes aplicações baseadas em epistemologias corporativas, interculturais e feministas para a compreensão e o envolvimento com populações autistas e cognitivamente diversas. Mudar paradigmas teóricos e metodológicos dentro da ciência cognitiva encarnada para o autismo e outras diversidades cognitivas e como eles se relacionam com o mundo pode levar a abordagens mais abrangentes, integrativas e bioéticas.
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